Kelp is one of the most fascinating and valuable forms of marine life, yet many people know little about it. Found in seas across the world, kelp plays a vital role in supporting marine ecosystems, protecting coastlines and even helping improve water quality. In this blog, we’ll explore what kelp is, why it’s so important and how it connects to the work we do at Hastings Aquarium.
What is kelp?
Kelp is essentially a type of large brown seaweed that thrives in salt water. Unlike plants on land, it doesn’t have roots in the soil. Instead, it attaches itself to the seabed with a strong holdfast and grows upwards towards the sunlight. Kelp can only survive in areas where enough light can reach the ocean floor, which means it usually grows in shallow coastal waters.
Although many species fall under the name of kelp, they often share the same general appearance. Most are brown or dark green in colour, with long, flexible fronds that can sway with the current.
Kelp is not only remarkable in its size but also in its versatility. It provides food and shelter for countless marine animals and is an important part of the food chain. In fact, sea urchins and some species of fish rely on kelp for their survival, while other creatures, such as starfish, can often be found living among its fronds.
What are kelp forests?
A kelp forest is an underwater habitat formed when large numbers of kelp plants grow together. These forests are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems in the ocean. They are often compared to rainforests on land, because they provide shelter, food and protection for an incredible variety of marine life.
Kelp forests create safe spaces for creatures such as sea otters, lobsters, crabs and many species of fish. For young fish in particular, the forest of kelp acts as a nursery where they can hide from predators. Birds and seals also benefit, as these habitats support healthy fish populations that they depend on for food.
Why is kelp important?
Kelp is more than just a type of seaweed; it is an essential aspect of ocean life. A kelp ecosystem supports a vast array of species, making it crucial for biodiversity. The structure of a kelp forest provides natural shelter, helping to protect marine life from strong currents and predators.
Kelp also plays a key role in maintaining healthy coastlines. The dense forests reduce the power of waves, which helps to limit coastal erosion. This means communities that live near the shore indirectly benefit from the presence of kelp.
Another important function of kelp is that it absorbs carbon dioxide from the water. By doing so, it helps to reduce the effects of climate change and improve water quality by filtering pollution. For humans, kelp is harvested as a source of food and used in products ranging from medicine to cosmetics.
Hastings Kelp Project x Hastings Aquarium Partnership
The Hastings Kelp Project is a local initiative designed to restore and protect kelp habitats along the Sussex coastline. Kelp forests in this area have declined over time, and the project aims to bring them back to health for the benefit of both marine life and local communities.
Hastings Aquarium is proud to play a role in this important work. The project begins in our laboratories, where kelp is grown from spores. Once the young kelp has developed, it’s moved to outdoor tanks where it can continue to grow in a safe environment. When the kelp is mature, it’s planted in the sea to help restore the underwater ecosystem.
As part of our involvement, Hastings Aquarium has also hosted events to raise awareness and encourage the community to support the project. By working together, we hope to ensure that future generations can enjoy the beauty and benefits of kelp forests.
At Hastings Aquarium, you can discover more about some of the animals that rely on kelp for survival. Creatures such as sea cucumbers, starfish and many types of fish that feed on kelp or use its forests as their home can be found at Hastings Aquarium.
If you would like to learn more about the Hastings Kelp Project and the creatures that call kelp forests home, why not plan a visit to Hastings Aquarium? Explore our displays, meet fascinating animals and take part in special events that we put on to educate and amaze our guests!